The Book of Baruch
The teachings of this Justin (not to be confused with the famous Christian apologist Justin Martyr) are among several different mythic and doctrinal systems summarized in an antihereticalwork probably composed in Rome by the Christian writer Hippolytus around 222–235 C.E.24 According to Hippolytus, Justin made use of several sacred books, but Hippolytus summarizes the myth found in a book that Justin himself deemed particularly noteworthy, a book bearing the name of one of its mythic figures, Baruch (Hippolytus, Ref. 5.24.2–3).
The following is the outline of the system.
There are three principles of the Universe: (i.) The Good, or all-wise Deity; (ii.) the Father, or Spirit, the creative power, called Elohīm; and (iii.) the World-Soul, symbolized as a woman above the middle and a serpent below, called Eden. From Elohīm (a plural used as a collective) and Eden twenty-four cosmic powers or angels come forth, twelve follow the will of the Father-Spirit, and twelve the nature of the Mother-Soul. The lower twelve are the World-Trees of the Garden of Eden. The Trees are divided into four groups, of three each, representing the four Rivers of Eden. The Trees are evidently of the same nature as the cosmic forces which are represented by the Hindus as having their roots or sources above and their branches or streams below. The name Eden means Pleasure or Desire.
Thus the whole creation comes into existence, and finally from the animal part of the Mother-Soul are generated animals, and from the human part men. The upper part of the Garden is called the "most beautiful Earth"; that is to say, Cosmic Earth, and the body of man is formed of the finest. Man having thus been formed, Eden and Elohīm depute their powers unto him; the World-Soul bestows on him the soul, and the World-Spirit infuses into him the spirit. Thus were men and women constituted.
And all creation was subjected to the four groups of the twelve powers of the World-Soul, according to their cycles, as they move round as in a circular dance
But when the man-stage was reached, the turning-point of the world--process, Elohīm, the Spirit, ascended into the celestial spaces, taking with him his own twelve powers. And in the highest part of the heaven he beheld the Great Light shining through the Gate (? the physical sun), which led to the Light-world of The Good. And he who had hitherto thought himself Lord of Creation, perceived that there was one above him, and cried aloud: "Open me the gates that I may acknowledge the [true] Lord; for I considered myself to be the Lord." And a voice came forth, saying: "This is the Gate of the Lord; through this the righteous enter in." And leaving his angels in the highest part of the heavens, the World-Father entered in and sat down at the right hand of the Good One.
And Elohīm desired to recover by force his spirit which was bound to men, from further degradation; but the Good Deity restrained him, for now that he had ascended to the Light-realm he could work no destruction.
And the Soul (Eden) perceiving herself abandoned by Elohīm, tricked herself out so as to entice him back; but the Spirit would not return to the arms of Mother Nature (now that the middle point of evolution was passed). Thereupon, the spirit that was left behind in man, was plagued by the soul; for the spirit or mind desired to follow its Father into the height, but the soul, incited by the powers of the Mother--Soul, and especially by the first group who rule over sexual passion and excess, gave way to adulteries and even greater vice; and the spirit in man was thereby tormented.
Now the angel, or power, of the World-Soul, which Baruch.especially incited the human soul to such misdeeds, was the third of the first group, called Naas (Heb. Nachash), the serpent, the symbol of animal passion. And Elohīm, seeing this, sent forth the third of his own angels, called Baruch, to succour the spirit in man. And Baruch came and stood in the midst of the Trees (the powers of the World-Soul), and declared unto man that of all the Trees of the Garden of Eden he might eat the fruit, but of the Tree Naas, he might not, for Naas had transgressed the law, and had given rise to adultery and unnatural intercourse.
And Baruch had also appeared to Moses and the prophets through the spirit in man, that the people might be converted to the Good One; but Naas had invariably obscured his precepts through the soul in man. And not only had Baruch taught the prophets of the Hebrews, but also the prophets of the uncircumcised. Thus, for instance, Hercules among the Syrians had been instructed, and his twelve labours were his conflicts with the twelve powers of the World-Soul. Yet Hercules also had finally failed, for after seeming to accomplish his labours, he is vanquished by Omphalē, or Venus, who divests him of his power by clothing him with her own robe, the power of Eden below.
Last of all Baruch appeared unto Jesus, a shepherd boy, son of Joseph and Mary, a child of Christology.twelve years. And Jesus remained faithful to the teachings of Baruch, in spite of the enticements of Naas. And Naas in wrath caused him to be "crucified," but he, leaving on the "tree" the body of Eden--that is to say, the psychic body or soul, and the gross physical body--and committing his spirit or mind to the hands of his Father (Elohīm), ascended to the Good One. And there he beholds "whatever things eye hath not seen and ear hath not heard, and which have not entered into the heart of man"; and bathes in the ocean of life-giving water, no longer in the water below the firmament, the ocean of generation in which the physical and psychic bodies are bathed. This ocean of generation is, of course, the same as the Brāhmanical and Buddhistic saṁsāra, the ocean of rebirth.
Hippolytus tries to make out that Justinus was a very vile person, because he fearlessly pointed out one of the main obstacles to the spiritual life, and the horrors of animal sensuality; but Justinus evidently preached a doctrine of rigid asceticism, and ascribed the success of Jesus to his triumphant purity.
The Book of Baruch by the Gnostic Justin
Justin or Justinus was an early Gnostic Christian from the 2nd century AD He is counted among the earliest Gnostic schools, among Simon Magus, Menander, Saturninus and Dositheus
According to Justin, there were three primordial, eternal entities. Reigning supreme was the male Good One, owner of foreknowledge (identified with the Monad and the creator of the universe, as well as the Greek Priapus), under which there were the male Elohim (the Jewish god and Demiurge or creator of the world) and the female Edem (identified with Gaia and described as a "half virgin, half viper" being similar to Echidna).
As the drama unfolds and Edem brings out her angels, including the serpent Naas (from nahash, Hebrew for "serpent"), to fight against what is left of Elohim's spirit on earth, Baruch, a top angel of the Good, sends a series of liberators—Moses, Herakles, prophets, and finally Jesus—to ensure redemption and return
Baruch (Hebrew for "blessed") is the good tree of life and the chief paternal angel, and Naas (from nahash, Hebrew for "serpent") is the evil tree of the knowledge of good and evil and the chief maternal angel.
Note that Naas is both the tree of knowledge and (since his name derives from the Hebrew nahash, "snake") the serpent of seduction to eat from the tree.
Eden is many: garden, earth, Israel, a symbol of Eve, and them earth mother.
Naas Maternal angel of Edem, identified with the evil tree of the knowledge of good and
evil, in the Book of Baruch. The term derives from nahash, Hebrew for "serpent" (as with Naassenes).
**The Serpent in the Book of Baruch by Justin the Gnostic**
Welcome to Pleroma Pathways apocalyptic and mystic Christianity where we explore esoteric and apocalyptic texts.
The Book of *Baruch*, attributed to Justin the Gnostic, offers a unique and layered understanding of the serpent within Gnostic cosmology. Unlike traditional biblical interpretations that portray the serpent as an embodiment of temptation and evil, this text presents the serpent Naas as a maternal angel and a pivotal figure in a cosmic drama involving divine, earthly, and infernal forces.
### **The Cosmic Entities**
According to Justin, three primordial and eternal entities exist:
1. **The Good One**: The supreme, male figure identified with the Monad and the ultimate source of foreknowledge and creation.
2. **Elohim**: A subordinate male figure identified as the Demiurge, or the creator of the physical world, akin to the Jewish God.
3. **Edem**: A female entity described as "half virgin, half viper," embodying both nurturing and destructive aspects, reminiscent of the Greek figure Echidna.
This triadic structure forms the framework for understanding the origins of the world and its ongoing struggle between good and evil.
### **Naas: The Maternal Serpent**
Naas, whose name derives from the Hebrew *nahash* (meaning "serpent"), plays a dual role in Justin's cosmology. As a maternal angel of Edem, Naas is identified with the "evil tree of the knowledge of good and evil." The text states:
> "*Naas, the serpent, stands both as the tree of knowledge and as the seducer, drawing forth the children of Edem into rebellion.*"
This complex portrayal blurs the lines between the serpent as a mere tempter and as a symbolic force of knowledge and opposition. Naas embodies both the dangerous allure of forbidden wisdom and the agent that catalyzes human awareness and liberation.
### **The Conflict Between Elohim and Edem**
The drama described in *Baruch* unfolds as Edem, alongside her angels—including Naas—wages war against Elohim and what remains of his divine spirit on earth. This battle reflects a cosmic struggle between the spiritual and material realms. The maternal, earthly force of Edem, symbolized by the serpent, stands in opposition to the structured order imposed by Elohim.
> "*Edem brought forth her serpentine offspring, and among them Naas, who sought to consume what remained of Elohim's breath upon the earth.*"
Here, the serpent Naas serves as a maternal force of opposition, embodying chaos, seduction, and rebellion.
### **Baruch as the Redeeming Angel**
Baruch, whose name means "blessed" in Hebrew, is described as the "good tree of life" and the "chief paternal angel." As a representative of the Good One, Baruch plays a crucial role in the redemption narrative of *Baruch*. He sends a series of liberators throughout history, including Moses, Herakles, the prophets, and ultimately Jesus Christ.
> "*Baruch, the blessed tree of life, sent forth messengers to restore what had been consumed by Edem and her serpents, that the children of the earth might return to the Good.*"
This portrayal emphasizes a redemptive mission aimed at countering the chaos introduced by Edem and Naas.
### **Symbolism of Eden and the Trees**
In Justin's cosmology, Eden represents multiple concepts:
- The garden of creation
- The earth
- Israel
- Eve
- The earth mother
The serpent Naas, being identified with the tree of knowledge, also symbolizes the duality inherent in creation—the knowledge of both good and evil. This duality contrasts with Baruch, the "good tree of life," who embodies divine wisdom and redemption.
### **The Role of Redemption**
The conflict between Baruch and Naas is central to Justin's narrative. As Edem and her angels, including Naas, wage war against Elohim’s remaining spirit on earth, Baruch intervenes by sending a series of liberators to ensure redemption. These liberators include Moses, Herakles, the prophets, and ultimately Jesus Christ.
Through these redemptive figures, Baruch seeks to counteract the influence of Naas and guide humanity back to the Good One. Justin's account portrays Jesus not merely as a savior but as the culmination of a long line of divine messengers tasked with restoring harmony and overcoming the deception represented by Naas.
### **Gnostic Symbolism of Naas**
Naas, as both the tree of knowledge and the serpent of seduction, holds a dual role in Justin’s cosmology. On one hand, he represents the pursuit of knowledge divorced from divine wisdom, leading to corruption and separation from the Good One. On the other hand, his association with the maternal angel Edem emphasizes the complexity of creation, where both nurturing and destructive forces coexist. This duality echoes broader Gnostic themes, where the material world is often seen as a place of entrapment but also a realm where redemption is possible through divine knowledge and intervention. Naas, while initially a figure of rebellion, ultimately serves as a catalyst for the redemptive work of Baruch and the liberators.
### **Conclusion**
The serpent in the *Book of Baruch* by Justin the Gnostic represents a complex and multifaceted figure, embodying both opposition and transformation. Naas, as the maternal angel of Edem, challenges traditional views of the serpent as purely malevolent. Instead, the text presents a nuanced narrative where the serpent plays a critical role in the cosmic struggle between material chaos and spiritual redemption. The Gnostic reinterpretation found here reflects the broader themes of opposition, liberation, and the pursuit of divine wisdom inherent in Gnostic thought.