The Distinction Between Aeons and Spiritual Gifts

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Spiritual Gifts, the Head, and the Body in The Interpretation of Knowledge

In The Interpretation of Knowledge, the concepts of spiritual gifts, the Head, and the Body are central to understanding the life of the Valentinian community. Spiritual gifts are the outpourings of divine grace, distributed by the Head to each member of the Body according to the Logos. The text emphasizes that while some members may appear to possess greater spiritual capacities than others, these differences do not reflect inequality in value, for all gifts originate from the same source.

The text begins by highlighting the proper attitude toward others’ gifts: “By having a brother who regards us as he also is, one glorifies the one who gives us grace. Moreover, it is fitting for each of us to enjoy the gift that he has received from God, and that we not be jealous, since we know that he who is jealous is an obstacle in his (own) path, since he destroys only himself with the gift and he is ignorant of God.” Jealousy is framed as a barrier to spiritual progress. The one who envies another’s gifts only harms himself, cutting off his own reception of grace from the Head. By contrast, a grateful and humble member participates fully in the divine life: “He ought to rejoice and be glad and partake of grace and bounty.”

The passage also encourages the sharing of prophetic gifts: “Does someone have a prophetic gift? Share it without hesitation. Neither approach your brother jealously nor ... (8 lines missing)... chosen as they [...] empty as they escape [...] fallen from their [...] are ignorant that [...] in this way they have [...] them in [...] in order that they may reflect perforce upon the things that you want them to think about when they think about you.” Though fragmentary, this section emphasizes communal responsibility: spiritual gifts are not for personal glorification but for the edification of the Body. Members must rejoice in the grace given to others and participate in it through prayer and reconciliation: “Now your brother also has his grace: Do not belittle yourself, but rejoice and give thanks spiritually, and pray for that one, in order that you might share the grace that dwells within him. So do not consider him foreign to you, rather, (as) one who is yours, whom each of your members received.”

The connection between the Head and the Body is further elaborated: “By loving the Head who possesses them, you also possess the one from whom it is that these outpourings of gifts exist among your brethren.” The Head, or the Logos, is the source of all spiritual gifts. By aligning with the Head, each member shares in the divine bounty that flows through the community. The Body, in this sense, is both the community of believers and the spiritual organism through which the Head distributes gifts.

Members are warned against comparing themselves to others: “But is someone making progress in the Word? Do not be hindered by this; do not say: 'Why does he speak while I do not?', for what he says is (also) yours, and that which discerns the Word and that which speaks is the same power.” The text distinguishes between the ability to speak and the ability to discern, noting that both derive from the same divine source. No member operates independently; all function as part of a unified Body, sharing in the richness of the Word.

The text expands this metaphor: “The Word ... (13 lines missing)... eye or a hand only, although they are a single body. Those who belong to us all serve the Head together. And each one of the members reckons it as a member. They cannot all become entirely a foot or entirely an eye or entirely a hand, since these members will not live alone; rather they are dead. We know that they are being put to death. So why do you love the members that are still dead, instead of those that live? How do you know that someone is ignorant of the brethren? For you are ignorant when you hate them and are jealous of them, since you will not receive the grace that dwells within them, being unwilling to reconcile them to the bounty of the Head.” The Body is an organism in which each member has a proper role. To despise or envy another member is to cut oneself off from the grace flowing from the Head. Spiritual gifts are meaningful only when exercised in concert with the Body.

Gratitude and prayer are emphasized as the proper response to others’ gifts: “You ought to give thanks for our members and ask that you too might be granted the grace that has been given to them. For the Word is rich, generous and kind. Here he gives away gifts to his men without jealousy, according to ... (11 lines missing)... appeared in each of the members [...] himself [...] since they do not fight at all with one another on account of their difference(s). Rather, by laboring with one another, they will work with one another, and if one of them suffers, they will suffer with him, and when each one is saved, they are saved together.” Gifts are meant to bind the community together, promoting mutual support and shared salvation. The richness of the Word manifests as generosity, not competition or envy.

The unequal distribution of gifts does not reflect favoritism or injustice: “The unequal ‘outpouring of (spiritual) gifts’ (Interp. Knowl. 16.30;) from the Head upon the members of the church may seem unjust, it is important that the members do not become ‘jealous’ of one another. Since in reality the source of these gifts is always the same; the Logos who is ‘rich, not jealous, and kind’.” The Head, as the source of all gifts, distributes according to divine wisdom. Differences in the apparent abundance of gifts serve the collective good rather than personal status.

Those with fewer gifts are instructed to seek grace: “Instead of being jealous, those with inferior spiritual gifts are instructed to ‘pray’ (Interp. Knowl. 16.22; ), or ‘ask’ (Interp. Knowl. 17.32–33;) for the ‘grace’ (Interp. Knowl. 16.23; Interp. Knowl. 17.34;) which flows from the crucified Christ.” Prayer and desire for grace are means of participation in the divine life, allowing members to grow spiritually without envy. Conversely, jealousy blocks the path: “On the other hand, one who is jealous blocks their own ‘path’ ‘since he excludes only himself from the gift, and he is ignorant before God’ (Interp. Knowl. 15.31–33).”

The Body metaphor extends to all members: “The community is exhorted not to be jealous over whether they have been put ‘in the class of a hand, or an eye, or a foot’ (Interp. Knowl. 18.31–32;), but rather to be thankful that they exist as part of ‘the Body’ (Interp. Knowl. 18.34; ), since when such members exist apart from the Body, ‘they die’ (Interp. Knowl. 17.22;).” Each member has a designated role. Spiritual gifts are meaningful only in the context of the Body, and isolation or envy leads to spiritual death.

Prophecy, though sometimes overlooked in scholarship, is recognized as a legitimate gift within the Valentinian Church: “Prophecy is not the kind of activity that is most often associated with Valentinianism, since there has been a somewhat onesided tendency in scholarship to highlight the movement’s intellectual characteristics and its resemblance to a philosophical school. It is nevertheless to be noted that prophecy is mentioned as a normal phenomenon in the Valentinian Church not only in Interpretation of Knowledge, but also in the Excerpts from Theodotus 24: ‘The Valentinians say that the Spirit which each of the prophets possessed as a special gift for his service, has been poured out upon all those who belong to the Church. For this reason the signs of the Spirit as well, healings and prophecies are carried out through the Church.’”

The text warns against comparison and envy: “‘Don’t say, ‘Why does that one speak but I do not speak.’’ What kind of speaking may be meant here? It is based on logos and must be different from the kind of prophetic speech that was separately mentioned previously.” Speaking in the church, whether prophetic or based on the Word, is a gift from the Head, distributed for the benefit of the Body. One should not despair if another member’s abilities appear more advanced, for all are endowed with grace according to the divine plan.

In practice, this teaching fosters harmony within the community. Members are encouraged to rejoice in one another’s gifts: “By having a brother who regards us as he also is, one glorifies the one who gives us grace.” They are also instructed to pray for the grace available to others and to participate actively in the life of the Body. Spiritual gifts are not personal property but shared blessings flowing from the Head to the community.

The relationship of the Head to the Body is central: “By loving the Head who possesses them, you also possess the one from whom it is that these outpourings of gifts exist among your brethren.” The Head, or Logos, is the source and sustainer of all spiritual life. Gifts of prophecy, teaching, discernment, and other charisms flow from the Head, giving structure and vitality to the Body. This ensures that the community remains unified despite differences in individual capacities.

In summary, The Interpretation of Knowledge presents a vision of the Valentinian Church in which spiritual gifts are distributed by the Head to the members of the Body according to divine wisdom. The gifts vary in degree and type, yet all originate from the same source, the Logos, who is “rich, not jealous, and kind.” Members are called to rejoice in one another’s gifts, to pray for grace, and to participate fully in the life of the Body. Envy and comparison are condemned because they block the reception of grace and disrupt unity.

The Body functions as an interconnected spiritual organism: “They cannot all become entirely a foot or entirely an eye or entirely a hand, since these members will not live alone; rather they are dead.” Each member has a role that complements the others, and the flourishing of the Body depends on mutual recognition and cooperation. Prophetic gifts, speaking, and discernment are all expressions of divine grace, distributed for the edification of the whole community.

Ultimately, the Head and the Body form a unified system in which grace flows from the divine source, through the community, and back to the individual. Members are encouraged to rejoice in the gifts of others, pray for grace, and recognize that all spiritual abilities are manifestations of the Logos. In this way, the Valentinian Church models a community in which spiritual gifts, love for the Head, and unity in the Body are inseparable.

Through these teachings, The Interpretation of Knowledge provides not only a theological framework but also practical guidance for spiritual living: humility, gratitude, prayer, reconciliation, and recognition of divine gifts in others. The Body thrives when members act in harmony, each exercising their gifts in alignment with the Head. Spiritual gifts are not only tools for personal development but also means for the community to manifest divine life collectively.

By integrating the metaphors of the Body with the distribution of spiritual gifts, the text underscores the communal and hierarchical nature of grace: “Here he gives away gifts to his men without jealousy, according to ... (11 lines missing)... appeared in each of the members [...] himself [...] since they do not fight at all with one another on account of their difference(s). Rather, by laboring with one another, they will work with one another, and if one of them suffers, they will suffer with him, and when each one is saved, they are saved together.” Salvation and spiritual growth are inseparable from participation in the Body and the exercise of gifts received from the Head.

Thus, the Head, the Body, and spiritual gifts form an integrated system of spiritual life in the Valentinian tradition. Gifts are not possessed individually but are distributed by the Head for the benefit of the Body. The faithful are called to rejoice in one another, pray for grace, avoid jealousy, and recognize that all differences in spiritual capacity serve the unity and flourishing of the community.

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 Aeons and Spiritual Gifts in *The Interpretation of Knowledge

The interpretation of knowledge Nag Hammadi Library 

Likewise I became very small, so that through my humility I might take you up to the great height, whence you had fallen. You were taken to this pit. If now you believe in me, it is I who shall take you above, through this shape that you see. It is I who shall bear you upon my shoulders. Enter through the rib whence you came and hide yourself from the beasts. The burden that you bear now is not yours. Whenever you (fem.) go ... (14 lines missing)... from his glory [...] from the first. From being counted with the female, sleep brought labor and the sabbath, which is the world. For from being counted with the Father, sleep brought the sabbath and the exodus from the world of the beasts. For the world is from beasts and it is a beast. Therefore he that is lost has been reckoned to the crafty one, and that one is from the beasts that came forth. They put upon him a garment of condemnation, for the female had no other garment for clothing her seed except the one she brought on the sabbath. For no beast exists in the Aeon. For the Father does not keep the sabbath, but (rather) actuates the Son, and through the Son he continued to provide himself with the Aeons. The Father has living rational elements from which he puts on my members as garments. The man ... (11 lines missing)... this is the name. The [...] he emitted himself and he emitted the reproached one. The one who was reproached changed (his) name and, along with that which would be like the reproach, he appeared as flesh. And the humiliated one has no equipment. He has no need of the glory that is not his; he has his own glory with the name, which is the Son. Now he came that we might become glorious through the humiliated one that dwells in the places of humiliation. And through him who was reproached we receive the forgiveness of sins. And through the one who was reproached and the one who was redeemed we receive grace.

But who is it that redeemed the one who was reproached? It is the emanation of the name. For just as the flesh has need of a name, so also is the flesh an Aeon that Wisdom has emitted. It received the majesty that is descending, so that the Aeon might enter the one who was reproached, that we might escape the disgrace of the carcass and be regenerated in the flesh and blood of ... (8 lines missing)... destiny. He [...] and the Aeons [...] they accepted the Son although he was a complete mystery [...] each one of his members [...] grace. When he cried out, he was separated from the Church like portions of the darkness from the Mother, while his feet provided him traces, and these scorched the path of the ascent to the Father.

Moreover, if they would wait for the exodus from the (earthly) harmony, they will come to the Aeon. If they are fit to share in the (true) harmony, how much the more those who derive from the single unity? They ought to be reconciled with one another. Do not accuse your Head because it has not appointed you as an eye but rather as a finger. And do not be jealous of that which has been put in the class of an eye or a hand or a foot, but be thankful that you do not exist outside the Body. On the contrary, you have the same Head on whose account the eye exists, as well as the hand and the foot and the rest of the parts. Why do you despise the one that is appointed as [...] it desired to [...] you slandered [...] does not embrace [...] unmixed body [...] chosen [...] dissolve [...] of the Aeon [...] descent [...] however plucked us from <the> Aeons that exist in that place. Some exist in the visible Church - those who exist in the Church of men - and unanimously they proclaim to one another the Pleroma of their aeon. And some exist for death in the Church on whose behalf they go - she for whom they are death - while others are for life. Therefore they are lovers of abundant life. And each of the rest endures by his own root. He puts forth fruit that is like him, since the roots have a connection with one another and their fruits are undivided, the best of each. They possess them, existing for them and for one another. So let us become like the roots, since we are equal [...] that Aeon [...] those who are not ours [...] above the [...] grasp him [...] since [...] your soul. He will [...] we gave you to him. If you purify it, it abides in me. If you enclose it, it belongs to the Devil. Even if you kill his forces that are active, it will be with you. For if the soul is dead, still it was enacted upon (by) the rulers and authorities.

Here’s a full 2000-word document based on the passage from *The Interpretation of Knowledge* in the Nag Hammadi Library, integrating all quotations and placing them in context while explaining the relationship between Aeons and spiritual gifts:

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## Aeons and Spiritual Gifts in *The Interpretation of Knowledge*

In *The Interpretation of Knowledge*, the concepts of Aeons and spiritual gifts are closely intertwined, yet distinct. The text presents Aeons as higher spiritual realms or states of being, while spiritual gifts are the manifestations of divine grace distributed to the members of the body. Together, they form a coherent vision of Gnostic cosmology, in which the faithful participate in divine life, guided by the Head, who is the source of both gifts and Aeons.

The text begins with an appeal to humility and divine guidance: “Likewise I became very small, so that through my humility I might take you up to the great height, whence you had fallen. You were taken to this pit. If now you believe in me, it is I who shall take you above, through this shape that you see. It is I who shall bear you upon my shoulders. Enter through the rib whence you came and hide yourself from the beasts. The burden that you bear now is not yours.” Here, the speaker, identified with the Son, emphasizes that salvation and ascent are mediated through humility and faith. The believer’s current struggles, symbolized by the “burden” and the pit, are not their ultimate condition, but a stage from which the divine can lift them.

The passage continues with the interplay between humanity, the world, and the Aeons: “From being counted with the female, sleep brought labor and the sabbath, which is the world. For from being counted with the Father, sleep brought the sabbath and the exodus from the world of the beasts. For the world is from beasts and it is a beast. Therefore he that is lost has been reckoned to the crafty one, and that one is from the beasts that came forth. They put upon him a garment of condemnation, for the female had no other garment for clothing her seed except the one she brought on the sabbath.” This portion illustrates the Gnostic view that the material world is a domain of corruption—“from beasts and it is a beast”—and that humanity’s fall into this world necessitates redemption. Aeons, in contrast, exist beyond this realm of beasts, and no “beast exists in the Aeon.”

The text clarifies the role of divine mediation in the dispensation of Aeons: “For the Father does not keep the sabbath, but (rather) actuates the Son, and through the Son he continued to provide himself with the Aeons. The Father has living rational elements from which he puts on my members as garments.” Here, the Son acts as the mediator through whom the Father dispenses Aeons and spiritual elements to the members of the spiritual body. Aeons are thus understood as manifestations of divine life, available to those who are aligned with the Head.

The narrative also emphasizes the mystery of redemption through the humiliated one: “The one who was reproached changed (his) name and, along with that which would be like the reproach, he appeared as flesh. And the humiliated one has no equipment. He has no need of the glory that is not his; he has his own glory with the name, which is the Son. Now he came that we might become glorious through the humiliated one that dwells in the places of humiliation. And through him who was reproached we receive the forgiveness of sins. And through the one who was reproached and the one who was redeemed we receive grace.” This demonstrates the dual function of the Son: to bear the burden of humiliation and to distribute grace and redemption to believers. Spiritual gifts flow from this same source, enabling the faithful to participate in the divine life.

The connection between Aeons and gifts is further emphasized: “But who is it that redeemed the one who was reproached? It is the emanation of the name. For just as the flesh has need of a name, so also is the flesh an Aeon that Wisdom has emitted. It received the majesty that is descending, so that the Aeon might enter the one who was reproached, that we might escape the disgrace of the carcass and be regenerated in the flesh and blood of ... (8 lines missing)... destiny. He [...] and the Aeons [...] they accepted the Son although he was a complete mystery [...] each one of his members [...] grace.” Here, the Aeons are directly connected to the process of redemption: they enter the human realm through the Son, restoring believers to their proper spiritual stature, while simultaneously distributing grace to each member.

The text moves from the cosmic to the communal, explaining how believers should relate to one another: “Moreover, if they would wait for the exodus from the (earthly) harmony, they will come to the Aeon. If they are fit to share in the (true) harmony, how much the more those who derive from the single unity? They ought to be reconciled with one another. Do not accuse your Head because it has not appointed you as an eye but rather as a finger. And do not be jealous of that which has been put in the class of an eye or a hand or a foot, but be thankful that you do not exist outside the Body.” Spiritual gifts, like prophetic insight or discernment of the Word, are distributed according to the will of the Head. Believers must not envy roles or gifts, because all contribute to the life of the body. The metaphor of the body—eye, hand, foot—emphasizes the interdependence of all members and the unity required to participate fully in divine life.

The text reinforces this communal aspect: “On the contrary, you have the same Head on whose account the eye exists, as well as the hand and the foot and the rest of the parts. Why do you despise the one that is appointed as [...] it desired to [...] you slandered [...] does not embrace [...] unmixed body [...] chosen [...] dissolve [...] of the Aeon [...] descent [...] however plucked us from <the> Aeons that exist in that place. Some exist in the visible Church - those who exist in the Church of men - and unanimously they proclaim to one another the Pleroma of their aeon. And some exist for death in the Church on whose behalf they go - she for whom they are death - while others are for life. Therefore they are lovers of abundant life.” The passage distinguishes between believers who exist in the visible Church, those destined for death, and those aligned with life. The proclamation of the Pleroma, or fullness of their Aeon, signifies a shared spiritual reality, experienced collectively by the faithful.

The text emphasizes rootedness and interconnection: “And each of the rest endures by his own root. He puts forth fruit that is like him, since the roots have a connection with one another and their fruits are undivided, the best of each. They possess them, existing for them and for one another. So let us become like the roots, since we are equal [...] that Aeon [...] those who are not ours [...] above the [...] grasp him [...] since [...] your soul.” Spiritual life is both individual and communal. Believers are like roots, producing fruits that reflect their own nature, yet connected to others in a unified whole. This connection ensures that gifts and blessings circulate, enhancing the collective spiritual body and preparing members for participation in the Aeons.

The text concludes with a warning about spiritual neglect: “He will [...] we gave you to him. If you purify it, it abides in me. If you enclose it, it belongs to the Devil. Even if you kill his forces that are active, it will be with you. For if the soul is dead, still it was enacted upon (by) the rulers and authorities.” Believers must actively participate in purification to ensure their soul aligns with the divine will. Spiritual gifts are meaningful only when exercised in harmony with the body and the Head. Without this alignment, one risks falling under the influence of the rulers and authorities, or the Devil.

**The Distinction Between Aeons and Spiritual Gifts**

From this text, it is clear that Aeons and spiritual gifts are related but not identical. Aeons are the **destination or fullness of spiritual existence**, representing the true harmony and unity of the Pleroma. Spiritual gifts, by contrast, are **expressions of divine grace distributed to the members of the body**, enabling them to act within the community and participate in divine life. The gifts of prophecy, teaching, discernment, and other charisms allow believers to contribute to the life of the spiritual body, whereas Aeons are the spiritual realms or conditions toward which the faithful ascend.

Gifts function within the present reality, binding members together: “Do not accuse your Head because it has not appointed you as an eye but rather as a finger. And do not be jealous of that which has been put in the class of an eye or a hand or a foot, but be thankful that you do not exist outside the Body.” They are practical manifestations of grace that maintain unity and prevent division. Aeons, in contrast, are the **reward or condition achieved through alignment with the Head**, awaiting those who “wait for the exodus from the (earthly) harmony” and are “fit to share in the (true) harmony.”

Moreover, the distribution of Aeons is mediated through the Son: “For the Father does not keep the sabbath, but (rather) actuates the Son, and through the Son he continued to provide himself with the Aeons.” This indicates that Aeons are **cosmic realities**, connected to the divine order, rather than temporary abilities exercised by believers. Gifts, however, are given for immediate participation, communal edification, and the exercise of grace.

Finally, the text underscores that both gifts and Aeons require proper disposition: purification, humility, and communal harmony. “If you purify it, it abides in me. If you enclose it, it belongs to the Devil.” Spiritual maturity, therefore, is measured both by the faithful exercise of gifts and the readiness to enter the Aeons. Together, these elements form a complete vision of Gnostic spiritual life: **the believer grows through gifts, aligned with the Head, and ultimately reaches the Aeons, the fullness of spiritual harmony.**

In conclusion, *The Interpretation of Knowledge* presents a coherent Gnostic vision in which Aeons and spiritual gifts are interrelated but distinct. Aeons are the **ultimate spiritual realms**, the Pleroma to which the faithful ascend, while spiritual gifts are the **tools and expressions of grace** that allow believers to participate in divine life here and now. Both are rooted in the same divine source, distributed by the Head and mediated through the Son, and both require humility, reconciliation, and purification to be properly received. The faithful, by acknowledging and exercising their gifts, participating in the communal body, and aligning themselves with the Head, can prepare themselves to enter the Aeons, participate in the Pleroma, and attain the fullness of spiritual life.

The head of prophecy was cut off with John The Apocryphon of James

The head of prophecy was cut off with John The Apocryphon of James

Introduction

The early Christian texts, including the canonical Gospels and certain apocryphal writings, offer profound insights into the nature of prophecy, the human soul, and the spiritual journey. In this document, we will explore the historical background of Luke 9:7-9, Matthew 14:1-12, and Mark 6:14-29, as well as the teachings found in the Apocryphon of James and the Gospel of Mary. These texts provide a unique perspective on the relationship between prophecy, the human soul, and the mind, shedding light on the mysteries of faith and spirituality in the early Christian context.

Historical Background

Luke 9:7-9, Matthew 14:1-12, and Mark 6:14-29 are passages that center around the beheading of John the Baptist. These events took place during the time of Jesus and were recorded in the synoptic Gospels. John the Baptist was a significant figure in the New Testament, known for his role as a precursor to Jesus and his bold proclamation of repentance and baptism.

In these passages, the ruler Herod Antipas, who had previously arrested John, was tormented by the idea that John had risen from the dead and was performing miraculous deeds through Jesus. The passages highlight the fear and superstition surrounding these events, leading to the conclusion that John's death was a significant turning point in the narrative of Jesus' ministry.

The Apocryphon of James

The Apocryphon of James: Then I asked him, "Lord, how shall we be able to prophesy to those who request us to prophesy to them? For there are many who ask us, and look to us to hear an oracle from us."

The Lord answered and said, "Do you not know that the head of prophecy was cut off with John?"

But I said, "Lord, can it be possible to remove the head of prophecy?"

The Lord said to me, "When you come to know what 'head' means, and that prophecy issues from the head, (then) understand the meaning of 'Its head was removed.' At first I spoke to you in parables, and you did not understand; now I speak to you openly, and you (still) do not perceive. Yet, it was you who served me as a parable in parables, and as that which is open in the (words) that are open.

The Apocryphon of James is an ancient Gnostic text that provides insights into the nature of prophecy. In the dialogue between James and the Lord, James seeks guidance on how to prophesy effectively. The Lord's response, "Do you not know that the head of prophecy was cut off with John?" is enigmatic but carries profound meaning.

The "head of prophecy" signifies the source and origin of prophetic knowledge. The Lord's statement implies that with the arrival of John the Baptist, a transitional phase in spiritual revelation occurred. John, as the forerunner of Christ, represented a crucial point in the unfolding of divine wisdom. The removal of John's head symbolizes the cessation of a particular form of prophecy, as John had fulfilled his role by preparing the way for Jesus.

The Lord's subsequent explanation suggests that true prophecy emanates from a deeper source – the mind, which serves as an intermediary between the soul (outward senses or the body) and the spirit (emotions or the heart). The mind, in this context, represents the intellectual and spiritual receptivity of the individual.

This teaching invites the reader to contemplate the nature of spiritual revelation and the evolving role of prophecy within the context of the early Christian community. It suggests that the focus should shift from external prophecies to inner, transformative experiences of the mind and spirit.

The Gospel of Mary

10) I said to Him, Lord, how does he who sees the vision see it, through the soul  or through the spirit?

11) The Savior answered and said, He does not see through the soul nor through the spirit, but the mind that is between the two that is what sees the vision

The Gospel of Mary introduces a dialogue where the disciples inquire about the nature of visions and how they are perceived. The response provided by the Savior is highly symbolic and aligns with the broader Gnostic understanding of human composition.

The Savior's answer that one does not see visions through the soul or spirit but through the mind that resides between them emphasizes the integral role of the mind in spiritual perception. In this context, the soul represents the physical, sensory aspect of human existence, while the spirit denotes the emotional and heartfelt aspects.

This teaching reinforces the idea that true spiritual vision requires a harmonious balance between sensory perception and emotional engagement, facilitated by the discerning and receptive nature of the mind. It underlines the Gnostic belief in the significance of transcending the limitations of the physical world to attain spiritual enlightenment.

II. Understanding the Terminology

Before delving into the interconnected themes across these texts, it is crucial to clarify the terminology used, particularly the concepts of the soul, spirit, and mind.

A. Body, Soul, and SpiritIn early Christian thought, humans were often seen as composed of body, soul, and spirit. The body represented the physical vessel, the soul as the seat of outward senses or the body itself, and the spirit as the seat of emotions or the heart. This trichotomy was a way to understand the complexity of the human experience and the interaction between the physical and spiritual aspects of life.

B. The Head as the Mind

The texts highlight the concept that "prophecy issues from the head," with the head symbolizing the mind. In this context, the mind represents the intellectual and cognitive aspect of human existence. It is through the mind that one perceives and interprets prophecies and visions.

III. The Deeper Meaning

A. Prophecy and the End of Prophecy

The Lord's response in the Apocryphon of James, "the head of prophecy was cut off with John," suggests a profound spiritual insight. It implies that the path to prophecy, or spiritual revelation, is no longer reliant on external sources or prophetic figures, as John the Baptist once represented. Instead, the guidance is to look within, to the "mind that is between the two."

B. The Mind as the Visionary Gateway

The Gospel of Mary further elucidates the nature of visionary experiences. The Savior's response, "He does not see through the soul nor through the spirit, but the mind that is between the two," emphasizes that the visionary experiences are accessed through the harmonious interaction of the soul and spirit within the mind.

IV. Implications for Early Christianity

The interconnected teachings in these texts hold significance for early Christianity. They point to a shift from an era where prophecy was sought externally, through figures like John the Baptist, to a more introspective and mystical approach. The emphasis on the "mind that is between the two" suggests that individuals have the capacity to access spiritual insights and visions through their own inner contemplation.

Conclusion

The early Christian texts, when examined in conjunction with Gnostic teachings, offer a nuanced perspective on the nature of prophecy, the human soul, and the mind's role in perceiving spiritual visions. The removal of the "head of prophecy" with John the Baptist's mission signifies a shift in the way spiritual revelation is understood. It suggests a move from external prophecies to an inner, transformative experience facilitated by the receptive and discerning nature of the mind.

The teachings in the Gospel of Mary emphasize the importance of a harmonious union of the body, soul, and spirit in the pursuit of spiritual vision and enlightenment. The mind, located between the soul and spirit, is central to this process, serving as the vehicle for the perception of divine truths.

In summary, these ancient texts provide valuable insights into the mystical dimensions of early Christian thought, encouraging a deeper understanding of the interplay between the components of the human self and the evolving nature of prophecy and spiritual revelation in the Christian tradition.

historical background: Luke 9:7–9; Matthew 14:1–12; Mark 6:14–29 

Gospel of Thomas (52) His students said to him, Twenty-four prophets have spoken in Israel and they all spoke of you. He said to them, You have disregarded the living one among you and have spoken of the dead.

This saying in the Gospel of Thomas it is not really a prophecy, it first confirms the Old Testament prophets all speaking about Jesus this show us that the writer of the text believed that the OT prophets prognosticated information about Jesus. next Jesus himself declares his own prophetic status   

The Apocryphon of James: Then I asked him, "Lord, how shall we be able to prophesy to those who request us to prophesy to them? For there are many who ask us, and look to us to hear an oracle from us."

The Lord answered and said, "Do you not know that the head of prophecy was cut off with John?"

But I said, "Lord, can it be possible to remove the head of prophecy?"

The Lord said to me, "When you come to know what 'head' means, and that prophecy issues from the head, (then) understand the meaning of 'Its head was removed.' At first I spoke to you in parables, and you did not understand; now I speak to you openly, and you (still) do not perceive. Yet, it was you who served me as a parable in parables, and as that which is open in the (words) that are open.

Gospel of Mary 

10) I said to Him, Lord, how does he who sees the vision see it, through the soul  or through the spirit?

11) The Savior answered and said, He does not see through the soul nor through the spirit, but the mind that is between the two that is what sees the vision

Here the words soul and spirit refer to natural human faculties

Man is made up of a body, soul and spirit

1Th 5:23  And the very God of peace sanctify you wholly; and [I pray God] your whole spirit and soul and body be preserved blameless unto the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ.

Heb 4:12  For the word of God [is] quick, and powerful, and sharper than any twoedged sword, piercing even to the dividing asunder of soul and spirit, and of the joints and marrow, and [is] a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart.

Sometimes the word soul and spirit and be translated mind, heart,

brain seat of consciousness

Mind = the intellect

soul = seat of the outward senses or the body 

spirit = seat of emotions or the heart 

therefore the head is the mind and the mind is thinking produced by the brain

 that prophecy issues from the head, and the mind that is between the two (spirit emotions or the heart and soul seat of the outward senses or the body) that is what sees the vision

  Jesus is saying to them that Christ has already come why does there need to be a prophecy I’ve shown you the path to Christhood there needs not to be prophecies anymore

The gospel of Thomas Saying 11

The gospel of Thomas Saying 11

Jesus said: This heaven will pass away, and the one above it will pass away; and those who are dead are not alive, and those who are living will not die. In the days when you ate of what is dead, you made of it what is living. When you come to be light, what will you do? On the day when you were one, you became two. But when you have become two, what will you do?

In the Gospel of Thomas, a collection of sayings attributed to Jesus, there lies a profound exhortation that resonates with the spiritual truths found within the Bible. Jesus proclaims, "This heaven will pass away, and the one above it will pass away; and those who are dead are not alive, and those who are living will not die" (Gospel of Thomas, Saying 11). This declaration echoes the prophecy of Isaiah, stating, "And all the host of heaven shall be dissolved, and the heavens shall be rolled together as a scroll" (Isaiah 34:4).

Central to this saying is the notion that the dead are not alive, a concept deeply embedded in the fabric of the one true faith as delineated in the Bible. Contrary to the beliefs of many other religious traditions, the Bible teaches that death is not a gateway to eternal life in heaven but rather a state of unconsciousness. This truth is reiterated throughout both the Gospel of Thomas and the Scriptures (e.g., Ecclesiastes 9:5, Psalms 115:17, 146:3-4).

Sayings 15, 51, 52, 59, along with biblical references such as Ecclesiastes 9:5, 10 and Psalms 115:3-4, underscore the theme of the unconsciousness of the dead. They emphasize that death is a state of non-being, where individuals are unaware of the affairs of the living world. This aligns with the biblical notion that in death, there is no consciousness or knowledge (Ecclesiastes 9:5) and that the dead do not praise the Lord (Psalms 115:17).

Furthermore, Saying 87 and 112, along with the reference to Genesis, highlight the interconnectedness of the body, flesh, and soul. This echoes the biblical concept that humanity is comprised of both physical and spiritual elements, and these aspects are intricately linked. The unity of body, flesh, and soul underscores the holistic nature of human existence, emphasizing the importance of both physical and spiritual well-being.

The interpretation of these sayings goes beyond a mere understanding of physical death; they also speak to spiritual death—the separation from God due to sin. Those who remain spiritually dead, unenlightened by the truth, face not only physical death but also spiritual death, symbolized by a second death after judgment. In contrast, those who are spiritually alive in Christ experience eternal life, marked by a profound union with God.

The Gospel of Thomas, much like the Bible, emphasizes the transformative power of truth and the significance of spiritual awakening. Through faith in Christ and adherence to His teachings, believers transition from spiritual death to life, from darkness into the everlasting light of God's presence.

In essence, these additional sayings reinforce the central themes of spiritual consciousness, interconnectedness of body and soul, and the transformative power of truth found within the Gospel of Thomas. They complement the broader narrative of Jesus's teachings, inviting believers to contemplate the nature of life, death, and eternity in light of divine truth.

In light of these additional sayings, the concept of eating dead and living things takes on a broader spiritual significance. It encompasses not only physical nourishment but also spiritual sustenance, highlighting the importance of feeding the soul with divine truth rather than relying solely on worldly pleasures. Just as the body requires sustenance for physical life, the soul requires spiritual nourishment for eternal life.

Therefore, the admonition to eat dead and living things in the Gospel of Thomas goes beyond mere dietary practices; it serves as a metaphor for embracing spiritual truths and rejecting spiritual death. By partaking of the living bread—the teachings of Christ—and rejecting the dead works of the flesh, believers find true fulfillment and eternal life in Him.

Moreover, Jesus's words in Saying 11 align with the biblical teaching that the spiritually dead will face a second death after judgment, while those alive in Christ will attain everlasting life. The distinction between the dead and the living is not merely physical but spiritual, highlighting the importance of being spiritually alive through faith in Christ.

The imagery of eating dead and living things in the saying symbolizes the consumption of spiritual nourishment. The dead represent adherence to the Law of Moses, which fails to impart eternal life, while the living symbolize partaking of Christ's flesh and blood through belief in His testimony as revealed in the Scriptures (John 6:54, Revelation 22:14). Thus, truth nourishes life, leading believers from darkness into the light of Christ.

"When you are in the Light, what will you become?" Jesus's question invites contemplation on the transformative power of light, equating it with moral enlightenment and unity with God. As believers walk in the light, they become united with God, transitioning from a state of oneness to a divine partnership, symbolized by the union of man and woman in marriage (Genesis 2:24).

This transition from oneness to twoness signifies both unity with God and the potential for division. Through faith in Christ, believers become united with God, yet this unity also distinguishes them from the world, making them "two" in their spiritual journey.

Ultimately, the saying challenges believers to ponder their spiritual state and trajectory. Will they remain spiritually dead, adhering to temporal laws and doctrines, or will they embrace the life-giving truth of Christ, transitioning from darkness into the eternal light?

In conclusion, the Gospel of Thomas, like the Bible, illuminates profound spiritual truths concerning life, death, and light. Through reflection on Jesus's teachings, believers are invited to transcend mere existence and embrace the abundant life found in Him. As they walk in the light, they become united with God, shining as beacons of truth and righteousness in a world enveloped by darkness.

This saying is an exhortation of Isaiah 34:4  And all the host of heaven shall be dissolved, and the heavens shall be rolled together as a scroll: and all their host shall fall down, as the leaf falleth off from the vine, and as a falling fig from the fig tree. Cp. Isaiah 13:13

“The dead are not alive” here we have one of the spiritual truth of the one true faith found only in the Bible the dead are not alive and the kingdom is not in the sky cp. Saying 3, every other bible based faith and religion teaches we go to heaven when we die or that only some go to heaven to rule with Christ. If death is not death than what the Bible says about death is a lie. 

However it is not only the bible that teaches that the dead are unconscious and know nothing and this is summed in the words of Jesus here in saying 11 "The dead are not alive." compare sayings 59, 60. 

So like the Bible and the true believers of the Bible, the Gospel of Thomas does not teach that we go to heaven to rule with Christ or that the soul live on after death. The GTh teaches that the dead are unconscious and know nothing so The dead are not alive Cp. Saying 15, 51, 52, 59, Ecc 9:5, 10 Ps 115: 146:3, 4. And the body, the flesh, and the soul are equivalent in value or interdependent Saying 87, 112 Gen 

This also has another meaning it is also about spiritual death those who have not been made alive by the word of truth. The spiritually dead will die a second death after the judgment. However those who are alive in Christ will have indefinitely lasting life.

The eating of dead and living things are not a doctrine of vegetarianism for the dead things are dead animals compare saying 60 87 111 112 which are killed and than eaten to sports life thus making the dead thing living. The dead and living things are also rational principles cp. 13 61 108 111 this is the same in the bible it is spiritual meat Ps 73:24. Thus, the dead principle would be the Law of Moses, which does not bring everlasting life only a long life in this life if they live by it. Now the living principle is the bread that is the flesh of Christ and if we do not eat the flesh of the son of man and drink his blood we have no life in us. But we only eat and drink his flesh and blood by believing the written testimony of the Logos concerning Jesus, set forth in the Bible and become the subject of repentance and remission of sins in the name of Christ Jesus, eats his flesh and drinks his blood. Cp. Rev 22:14 Jn 6:54. Truth eats life no one nourished by truth will die. This is the meaning of eating living things which bring us out of darkness and into the light.

“When you are in the Light, what will you become?” Jesus is the light of the world and also God is light, and we are told in the Bible add that we are to become like Jesus is now and Jesus now is consubstantial with God so we are to become consubstantial with God and God is Light so we shall become light first moral light (which denotes the knowledge of the truth i.e. a light to the nations) second when we shall shine like the brightness of the expanse and those who lead many to righteousness, like the starts forever.

On the day when you come into the light you became two. When you are two, what will you become? Two can be a figure both of unity and of division. Man and woman form the basic family unit (Gen 1:27 2:20,24) we become two when we are united with God we are two because God is with us and we are walking with him we are walking in the light and we are no longer one but two.

11) Jesus said, "This heaven [the errant Christo-pagan system of worship] will pass away, and the one above it [errant Judaism] will pass away. The dead [those who are "of" the two heavens named] are not alive [have not found the Life, the resurrection (“Christ in you”)], and the living [those who have “Christ in them”] will not die. In the days when you consumed [put your faith and trust in false teachings of men] what is dead [the lower/outward (fleshly) forms], you made it what is alive [a falsehood has no life of its own, one must give it life by believing and accepting it as true]. When you come to dwell in the light [come to learn the truth about all of these things], what will you do [great question but I am guessing it is best answered by; “choose this day whom you will serve”]? On the day [you sinned] when you were one [still in harmony with the spirit (for most of us, this is lost pretty early in life!)] you became two [you were separated from the Father (duality of mind) eating only from the tree of knowledge, the lower form]. But when you become two, what will you do [try like crazy to recover that lost unity]?" 

The Holy Hebdomad Isaiah 11:2–3

The Holy Hebdomad Isaiah 11:2–3

Let's commence our exploration with a passage from The Gospel of the Egyptians:

"The perfect hebdomad, shrouded in hidden mysteries, attains fulfillment. Upon receiving glory, it expands into eleven ogdoads."

Originating from Late Latin, "hebdomada" signifies the number seven or a group of seven, particularly denoting a period of seven days or a week, including the seventh day or Sabbath. This term derives from Ancient Greek "hebdomás," which denotes a group of seven, especially referencing seven days or seven years, composed of "heptá" meaning seven, and the suffix "-ás," forming abstract number-related nouns. Notably, cognates of this term exist in French, Portuguese, and Spanish, signifying a weekly periodical or events occurring on a weekly basis.

In the Orthodox Church, a hebdomadary holds a distinct role akin to that of the Roman Catholic Church. This individual, appointed for a week's duration, assumes responsibility for singing the chapter Mass and guiding the recitation of the breviary within a church or monastery setting. Within Roman Catholic chapters or convents, a hebdomadary similarly fulfills the duty of leading the chapter Mass and overseeing the recitation of the canonical hours, embodying a temporary appointment for the week.

Biblical Usage

The term "hebdomad" originates from the Ancient Greek ἑβδομάς (hebdomás) and is comparable to the Latin hebdomas.

In various biblical passages, the term appears with variations denoting periods of sevens:

- Exodus 34:22 references "εβδομάδων" as a period of sevens.

- Leviticus 23:15 mentions "εβδομάδας," signifying periods of seven.

- Leviticus 23:16 uses "εβδομάδος" to denote a period of seven.

- Leviticus 25:8 discusses "εβδομάδες," representing periods of seven.

- Numbers 28:26 refers to "εβδομάδων" as four periods of sevens.

- Daniel 9:24-27 includes several instances of "εβδομάδες," indicating periods of seven.

For instance, Leviticus 25:8 reads: "'And you must count for yourself seven sabbaths of years, seven times seven years, and the days of the seven sabbaths of years must amount to forty-nine years for you."

In the Greek text, it appears as follows: "Καὶ ἐξαριθμήσεις σεαυτῷ ἑπτὰ ἀναπαύσεις αὐτῶν, ἑπτὰ ἔτη ἑπτάκις, καὶ ἔσονταί σοι ἑπτά ἑβδομάδες ἐτῶν ἐννέα καὶ τεσσαράκοντα ἔτη."

The term "sabbaths of years" translates from the Greek "hebdomadeseton," meaning "weeks of years." This usage is comparable to other instances in the book of Daniel, highlighting the consistent biblical usage of the term "hebdomad" to signify periods of seven.

The number seven originates from the Hebrew word "SAVAH," denoting ceasing, resting, or celebration. Derived from the verb "shavath," meaning rest or cease, the Hebrew expression "yohm hash·shab·bath´" signifies the Sabbath, a day of rest on the seventh day.

Throughout biblical narratives, God establishes the significance of the number seven, illustrating rest and completion. The Sabbath, observed on the seventh day, symbolizes rest and cessation from labor (Exodus 20:10; Leviticus 25:2, 6, 8).

In Hebrew, the term for "week" (shavua`) signifies a sevenfold unit or period, echoing the concept of seven. Similarly, the Greek word "sabbaton" derives from the Hebrew word for Sabbath (shabbath´), reinforcing the association with rest and cessation.

Luke 18:12 references fasting "twice in the week," utilizing the Greek word "sabbaton," encompassing both the Sabbath day and other days of the week, akin to the notion of a seven-day period.

The Jewish Sabbath, observed from sundown Friday to sundown Saturday, is named after the planet Saturn, reflecting the Roman designation of Saturday as "Sāturni diēs" ("Saturn's Day").

The mystical significance of the number seven is pervasive, rooted in ancient astronomy and religious beliefs. It symbolizes the seven planetary spheres and the rulership of the heavenly realms. In pre-Christian religions, the concept of seven rulers or archontes, often associated with archangels, signifies cosmic order and divine governance.

In modern Greek, the seven-day week is referred to as an "hebdomada," highlighting the enduring influence of the number seven in religious and cultural contexts.

"Hebdomas" connotes the kingdom of the "Seven," representing the authority of the seven archangels, as delineated in the First Book of Enoch. Thus, the number seven holds profound significance across various traditions, embodying themes of rest, completion, and celestial order.

The term "hebdomad," originating from the Greek for "group of seven," denotes the seventh planetary sphere or seventh heaven, believed to be the realm of the archons or rulers in Gnostic cosmology. The chief archon, or Demiurge, is sometimes associated with the hebdomad, although occasionally linked with the Ogdoad, another grouping of seven.

In Proverbs 9:1, the mention of "Wisdom" constructing her house with seven pillars is interpreted by Valentinians as a reference to the planetary heavens, where Sophia, the embodiment of divine wisdom, resides. According to Valentinian beliefs, Sophia's abode is positioned above the hebdomad within the Ogdoad, a higher spiritual realm.

The passage from the Extracts from the Works of Theodotus further elaborates on the concept, portraying Wisdom as the architect of creation. Through the agency of a divine figure, symbolizing the image of the Father, Wisdom brings forth both heavenly and earthly realms. This imagery underscores the role of Wisdom in shaping the cosmos and establishing order within the divine hierarchy.

Overall, the notion of the hebdomad as the dwelling place of archons and the celestial abode of Wisdom reflects Gnostic cosmological beliefs, highlighting the interconnectedness of spiritual principles and celestial spheres within their theological framework.

The concept of the Hebdomad encompasses both the seven archangels and the seven heavens, reflecting a symbolic and spiritual understanding deeply rooted in ancient texts.

In the Book of Tobit from the Old Testament Apocrypha, Raphael identifies himself as one of the seven angels who stand in the glorious presence of the Lord, emphasizing the existence of seven archangels alongside Michael and Gabriel.

Similarly, the Book of Enoch lists seven holy angels who watch over various aspects of creation, including Uriel, Raphael, Raguel, Michael, Saraqael, Gabriel, and Ramael, further reinforcing the idea of a divine septet.

The significance of the seven pillars is often interpreted as representing the seven virtues, as outlined in Isaiah 11:2–3. These virtues, including wisdom, understanding, counsel, might, knowledge, godliness, and the fear of Yahweh, are associated with the Seven Spirits of God mentioned in the Book of Revelation.

In Isaiah 11:2–3, the Spirit of God is described as resting upon the Messiah, imbuing him with the seven virtues. This connection between the virtues and the natural world is further explored by early Christian theologians like Irenaeus, who utilized number symbolism to elucidate spiritual truths.

According to Irenaeus, the virtues symbolize the seven heavens, drawing a parallel between the divine order and the structure of creation. This interpretation aligns with the biblical narrative, where Moses is instructed to fashion a seven-branched lampstand, reflecting the heavenly model revealed to him on the mountain.

Overall, the concept of the Hebdomad encapsulates the interconnectedness of celestial beings, virtues, and heavenly realms, serving as a symbolic framework to understand divine order and spiritual truths.

In his work "The Proof of Apostolic Preaching," Irenaeus delves into the interconnectedness of scripture, the natural world, and divine symbolism. Drawing from Isaiah 11:2–3, Irenaeus, like the Valentinians, employs number symbolism to elucidate spiritual truths, particularly focusing on the manifestation of seven virtues upon the Messiah.

According to Isaiah 11:2–3, the Spirit of God will rest upon the Messiah, imbuing him with seven virtues: wisdom, understanding, counsel, might, knowledge, godliness, and the fear of Yahweh. Irenaeus interprets these virtues as referring to the seven heavens, reflecting a divine order mirrored in creation.

Irenaeus explains that the seven heavens encompass the world, serving as dwelling places for powers, angels, and archangels who perform service to God. The Spirit of God, manifold in its indwelling, is symbolically represented in seven forms of service as described by Isaiah, resting upon the Son of God, or the Word, in his incarnation as a human.

Each heaven, according to Irenaeus, corresponds to a specific virtue: wisdom, understanding, counsel, might, knowledge, godliness, and the fear of Yahweh. The first heaven, being the highest, represents wisdom, while subsequent heavens symbolize understanding, counsel, might, knowledge, godliness, and the fear of Yahweh respectively.

The imagery of the seven-branched lampstand, as described in Exodus 25:40, serves as a pattern for understanding the relationship between the heavens and the virtues. Moses, in obedience to the divine command, fashioned the lampstand according to the pattern revealed to him on the mountain, signifying the heavenly order.

This connection between the seven-branched lampstand and the heavens underscores the divine blueprint for creation, with the lampstand serving as a symbolic representation of the heavenly realms. The continual shining of the lampstand in the holy place mirrors the perpetual presence of the virtues within the celestial spheres.

In essence, Irenaeus's exploration of Isaiah 11:2–3 and the symbolism of the seven virtues reveals a profound understanding of divine order and spiritual truth. Through the alignment of scripture, nature, and symbolism, Irenaeus illuminates the interconnectedness of the natural and spiritual realms, offering insight into the divine plan for creation.

We will begin this study with a reading from The Gospel of the Egyptians

And thus the perfect hebdomad, which exists in hidden mysteries, became complete. When she receives the glory, she becomes eleven ogdoads. (The Gospel of the Egyptians)

From Late Latin hebdomada (“number seven; group of seven; seven days”), hebdomas (“number seven; a period of seven days a WEEK; seventh day or Sabbath), from Ancient Greek ἑβδομάς (hebdomás, “group of seven, especially seven days or seven years”), from ἑπτά (heptá, “seven”) + -ᾰ́ς (-ás, suffix forming abstract nouns of number from numerals). The word is cognate with French hebdomadaire, hebdo (“weekly periodical”), hebdomadairement (“weekly”), Portuguese hebdomadário (“weekly periodical”), Spanish hebdomadario (“weekly; weekly periodical; hebdomadary”).

In Orthodox Church

The word hebdomadary in the Roman Catholic Church is a member of a church or monastery appointed for one week to sing the chapter Mass and lead in the recitation of the breviary.

a member of a Roman Catholic chapter or convent appointed for the week to sing the chapter mass and lead the recitation of the canonical hours

Biblical Use

From Ancient Greek ἑβδομάς (hebdomás). Compare Latin hebdomas.

εβδομάδες G1439.1 - Apostolic Bible Polyglot Concordance, Strongs-AB Number G1439.1

Exodus 34:22 εβδομάδων - of a period of sevens 

Leviticus 23:15 εβδομάδας - [2periods of seven 

Leviticus 23:16 εβδομάδος - period of seven 

Leviticus 25:8 εβδομάδες - periods of seven 

Numbers 28:26 εβδομάδων - 4period of sevens], 

Deuteronomy 16:9 εβδομάδας - [2periods of seven 

Deuteronomy 16:9 εβδομάδας - periods of seven. 

Deuteronomy 16:10 εβδομάδων - of the period of sevens 

Deuteronomy 16:16 εβδομάδων - period of sevens, 

2 Chronicles 8:13 εβδομάδων - period of sevens, 

Daniel 9:24 εβδομάδες - periods of seven 

Daniel 9:25 εβδομάδες - [2periods of seven 

Daniel 9:25 εβδομάδες - [2periods of seven 

Daniel 9:26 εβδομάδας - [2periods of seven 

Daniel 9:27 εβδομάς - [2period of sevens 

Daniel 9:27 εβδομάδος - period of seven 

Daniel 10:2 εβδομάδας - periods of seven 

Daniel 10:3 εβδομάδων - period of sevens

Leviticus 25:8 “‘And you must count for yourself seven sabbaths of years, seven times seven years, and the days of the seven sabbaths of years* must amount to forty-nine years for you.

Leviticus 25:8 Καὶ ἐξαριθμήσεις σεαυτῷ ἑπτὰ ἀναπαύσεις αὐτῶν, ἑπτὰ ἔτη ἑπτάκις, καὶ ἔσονταί σοι ἑπτά ἑβδομάδες ἐτῶν ἐννέα καὶ τεσσαράκοντα ἔτη. 

“Sabbaths of.” Heb., shabbethoth´; Lat., ebdomades, “weeks.”

“Sabbaths of years.” Greek, hebdomadeseton´, “weeks of years.” Compare Da 9:24 ftn, “Weeks.”

Seven

Seven comes from the Hebrew "SAVAH" meaning to cease (47x), rest (11x), away (3x), fail (2x), celebrate (1x), miscellaneous (7x).

The Hebrew expression yohm hash·shab·bath´ is drawn from the verb shavath´, meaning “rest, cease.” (Ge 2:2; 8:22)

God set the pattern for the whole Sabbath arrangement, from the seven-day week to the Jubilee year that followed the seven-times-seven–year cycle. (Ex 20:10; Le 25:2, 6, 8)

The sabbath is on the seventh day it is a day of rest therefore seven symbolizes rest

The Hebrew word for “week” (shavua`) literally refers to a sevenfold unit or period. The Greek word sabbaton, in turn, is derived from the Hebrew word for Sabbath (shabbath´).

Luke 18:12  I fast twice in the week <4521>, I give tithes of all that I possess.

4521. σάββατον sabbaton sabbaton; of Hebrew origin [07676]; the Sabbath (i.e. Shabbath), or day of weekly repose from secular avocations (also the observance or institution itself); by extension, a se’nnight, i.e. the interval between two Sabbaths; likewise the plural in all the above applications: —  sabbath (day), week. 

AV-sabbath day 37, sabbath 22, week 9; 68

The word translated week here in Luke 18:12 refers to other days in the week as well the Sabbath day (its like saying seven days, a week).   

The Jewish Sabbath is from from sundown Friday to sundown Saturday. Saturday is named after the planet Saturn.

The Romans named Saturday Sāturni diēs ("Saturn's Day") no later than the 2nd century for the planet Saturn, which controlled the first hour of that day, according to Vettius Valens

Seven is so universally used as a mystical number that its basis must be in some fundamental arrangement of the natural world.

Seven indicates the number of days in a week, the number of planetary spheres (sun, moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn) in ancient astronomy, and so the number of kings stationed over the spheres of heaven in the Secret Book of John. The seventh or hebdomad refers to the realm of the planetary spheres, over which the Demiurge is stationed.

Because there were seven planets in the sky (the sun, moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn),[1] it was commonly agreed that there were seven of these beings ruling as a hebdomad who were called “archontes” (principalities or rulers).[2]

[1.] This dependence upon the number seven is quite common in pre-Christian religion. The Jews, for example, believed that these seven planets were ruled by seven archangels: Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, Uriel, Selaphiel, Jegudiel, and Barachiel. (Each of which corresponded to the seven days of the week, respectively.)

[2.] In modern Greek, the seven-day week is called an hebdomada.

Hebdomas; The kingdom of the "Seven", referring to the seven Archangels. The seven archangels are name in the First Book of Enoch

Seven Hevens and Seven Archangels

hebdomad: (Greek, “group of seven”) The seventh planetary sphere or seventh heaven, lair of the archons. The chief archon or Demiurge is sometimes considered to reside in the hebdomad and sometimes in the Ogdoad. Hebdomad can also refer to a grouping of seven beings (for instance, archons) in Gnostic texts.

(Proverbs 9:1): Wisdom has built her house, She has carved out her seven pillars;

The seven pillars which wisdom built a house are understood by valentinians to refer to the planetary heavens, the habitation of the Sophia herself was placed above the Hebdomad in the Ogdoad (Extracts from the Works of Theodotus. 8, 47):

47 Now the Saviour became the first universal creator. “But Wisdom,” the second, “built a house for herself and hewed out seven pillars” and first of all she put forth a god, the image of the Father, and through him she made heaven and earth, that is “heavenly things, and the earthly” – the things on the right hand and on the left. (Extracts from the Works of Theodotus)

The Hebdomad is used of the seven seven archangels and the seven heavens

The idea of seven archangels is most explicitly stated in the old testament Apocrypha, Book of Tobit when Raphael reveals himself, declaring: "I am Raphael, one of the seven angels who stand in the glorious presence of the Lord, ready to serve him." (Tobit 12:15) The other two archangels mentioned by name in the Bible are Michael and Gabriel.

The Book of Enoch (also known as 1 Enoch)

8:4 And as men perished, they cried, and their cry went up to heaven to the holy angels who watch.

20:1 And these are the names of the holy angels who watch.
20:2 Uriel, one of the holy angels, who presides over clamour and terror.
20:3 Raphael, one of the holy angels, who is over the spirits of men.
20:4 Raguel, one of the holy angels who takes vengeance on the world of the luminaries.
20:5 Michael, one of the holy angels, who, is set over the best part of mankind and over chaos.
20:6 Saraqael, one of the holy angels, who is set over the spirits, who sin in the spirit.
20:7 Gabriel, one of the holy angels, who is over the Garden of Eden and the serpents and the Cherubs.
20:8 Ramael, one of the holy angels, whom God set over those who rise.

The seven pillars are normally interpreted as seven virtues. The seven virtues are understood to be the seven spirits of Isaiah 11:2–3 wisdom, understanding, counsel, might, knowledge, godliness, and the fear of Yahweh, here are represented the seven Spirits, which are before the throne of God. The reference to the lamb in Revelation 5:6 relates it to the Seven Spirits which first appear in Revelation 1:4 and are associated with Jesus who holds them along with seven stars

The seven Spirits of God  are mentioned four times in the Book of Revelation, and in the Book of Isaiah it names each Spirit.

Isaiah 11:2 2  and the Spirit of God shall rest upon him, the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and strength, the spirit of knowledge and godliness shall fill him;

3  the spirit of the fear of God. He shall not judge according to appearance, nor reprove according to report:

Revelation 4:5: And out of the throne proceeded lightnings and thunderings and voices: and there were seven lamps of fire burning before the throne, which are the seven Spirits of God.

In discussing Isaiah 11.2–3 (“And the Spirit of God will rest upon him, a Spirit of wisdom and understanding …”), Irenaeus, like the Valentinians, uses number symbolism to connect the Scripture and the natural world. According to this verse there are seven virtues that come upon the Messiah: wisdom, understanding, counsel, might, knowledge, godliness, and the fear of Yahweh. 

Irenaeus explains that the virtues refer to the seven heavens, the model Moses used for the seven-branched lampstand, in obedience to the command to fashion things as a type of what was revealed to him on the mountain (Exodus 25.40).

Irenaeus The Proof of Apostolic Preaching

9. Now this world is encompassed by seven heavens, [87] in which dwell powers and angels and and angels and archangels, doing service to God, the Almighty and Maker of all things: not as though He was in need, but that they may not be idle and unprofitable and ineffectual. 

88] Wherefore also the Spirit of God is manifold in its indwelling, [89] and in seven forms of service [90] is He reckoned by the prophet Isaiah, as resting on the Son of God, that is the Word, in His coming as man. 

The Spirit of God, he says, shall rest upon him, the Spirit of wisdom and of understanding, the Spirit of counsel and of might, (the Spirit of knowledge) [91] and of godliness; the Spirit of the fear of God shall fill him.

 Now the heaven which is first from above, [92] and encompasses the rest, is (that of) wisdom; and the second from it, of understanding; and the third, of counsel; and the fourth, reckoned from above, (is that) of might; and the fifth, of knowledge; and the sixth, of godliness; and the seventh, this firmament of ours, is full of the fear of that Spirit which gives light to the heavens. For, as the pattern (of this), Moses received the seven-branched lampstand, [93] that shined continually in the holy place; for as a pattern of the heavens he received this service, according to that which the Word spake unto him: Thou shalt make (it) according to all the pattern of the things which thou hast seen in the mount. (The Proof of Apostolic Preaching, 9)

The number seven as it pertains to heavens was mentioned by Clement of Alexandria and Origen, who probably were relayed the idea from first century Jewish mysticism (Bereshith Rabba, 19, fol. 19, col. 3 contains a later Jewish presentation of the idea, but being that the seventh heaven contains the Shekinah [Sophia] glory of God, the Jewish mysticism was ironically Gnostic in nature–the Quran also contains a similar reference in Surah 67).

The word Hebdomad occurs also in the Clementine Homilies. The mystery of the Hebdomad there unfolded (Hom. xvii. 10) is an independent exposition of the six days' work of creation, and the seventh day's rest; illustrated by the six directions, into which infinite space extends, viz. up, down, right, left, backward, forward, together with the central point considered as making a seventh.

Pseudo-Clementine Literature/The Clementine Homilies/Homily XVII/Chapter 10

Chapter X.—The Nature and Shape of God.

“This is the mystery of the hebdomad. For He Himself is the rest of the whole who grants Himself as a rest ( “Rest,” of course, points to the number seven the Sabbath Day.) to those who imitate His greatness within their little measure. For He is alone, sometimes comprehensible, sometimes incomprehensible, sometimes limitable, sometimes illimitable, having extensions which proceed from Him into infinity. For thus He is comprehensible and incomprehensible, near and far, being here and there, as being the only existent one, and as giving a share of that mind (the ogdoad) which is infinite on every hand, in consequence of which souls breathe and possess life; and if they be separated from the body and be found with a longing for Him, they are borne along into His bosom, as in the winter time the mists of the mountains, attracted by the rays of the sun, are borne along immortal to it. What affection ought therefore to arise within us if we gaze with our mind on His beautiful shape! But otherwise it is absurd to speak of beauty. For beauty cannot exist apart from shape; nor can one be attracted to the love of God, nor even deem that he can see Him, if God has no form. (Clementine Homilies Chapter 10)

- The Untitled Text in the Bruce Codex also describes the Pleroma as ‘the body’ of the monad, which is like the mother-city “This is the manner in which they are all within the monad : there are twelve monads making a crown upon its head ; each one makes twelve. And there are ten decads surrounding its shoulders. And there are nine enneads surrounding its belly. And there are seven hebdomads at its feet, and each one makes a hebdomad. And to the veil which surrounds it like a tower, there are twelve gates. There are twelve myriad powers at each gate, and they are called archangels and also angels. This is the mother-city of the only-begotten one.” (Untitled Text in the Bruce Codex)


The hebdomad symbolizes rest, but it is surpassed by the ogdoad, wherein is the promise of gnostic perfection.

Clement of Alexandria says that those who reach the highest levels of perfection have not remained in the hebdomad of rest, but have advanced into the inheritance of the benefit of the ogdoad (ὀγδοαδικῆς εὐεργεσιάς).

The material world is a shadowy, flawed version of the Pleroma, the two worlds sometimes being referred to as the Hebdomad (from hebdomas, meaning ‘seven’, a reference to the seven spheres of the material and Ogdoad (from ogdoas, meaning ‘eight’, referring to the eighth heaven), respectively.

Summary

In modern Greek, the seven-day week is called an hebdomada

The Hebdomad is used of the seven archangels and the seven heavens

The Hebdomad refers to seven spirits of virtues  

The Hebdomad refers the seven spirits of God 

The Hebdomad symbolizes rest

The Hebdomad is a copy of the Pleroma