Shaddai: The Mighty Ones in Divine Manifestation

Title: Shaddai: The Mighty Ones in Divine Manifestation

The term "Shaddai" appears in numerous places throughout the Old Testament, often translated as "God" in many instances. However, the common translation does not fully capture its meaning, as "goodness" is not an inherent element of the word. According to the Deity's communication to Moses, "Shaddai" is a part of the name chosen for interactions with Abraham. In Exodus 6:3, the Deity states, "I appeared to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob by the name El-Shaddai, but by my name Yahweh was I not known unto them."

The English rendering of El-Shaddai as "God Almighty" doesn't precisely convey the original meaning. Lexicographers may define Shaddai as almighty or omnipotent, but such interpretations often stem from theological rather than etymological considerations. The theological concept of pluralis excellentioe, where a plural noun signifies excellence or majesty, has been applied to terms like Elohim and Shaddai. However, this interpretation is a theological construct, and its application doesn't always provide a rational and scriptural explanation.

Shaddai, derived from the root shahdad meaning "to be strong, powerful," is a plural masculine term. It signifies "mighty or powerful ones." Notably, three of these powerful beings appeared to Abraham in the plains of Mamre. Moses describes the encounter, stating that "Yahweh appeared to him there," and when Abraham saw Yahweh apparent, "he saw three men standing by him." This presents the concept of One-Three or Three-One, with AIL being the One and Shaddai representing the Three. These three mighty beings were manifestations of Yahweh, or Jehovah.

The power of Shaddai is demonstrated in their interaction with Abraham and Lot—harmless and sociable with the patriarchs, yet formidable in their power against the wicked cities of Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboim. However, the crucial question arises: Is their power absolute and independent, or is it derived? The answer lies in the name by which they were known to Abraham—AIL-Shaddai, the STRENGTH of the Mighty Ones. This implies that their power is not absolute but derived from the DIVINE SUBSTANCE, described by John as THEOS, the one who dwells in unapproachable light.

Jacob also encountered Shaddai, perceiving a host of them as "Messengers of Elohim," sent of AIL. Jacob's wrestling with one of these messengers led to the bestowal of the title Isra-ail, signifying "prince having power with Elohim." Jacob acknowledged seeing Elohim "faces to faces," a multitudinous manifestation of the highest AIL.

The use of EL-Shaddai persisted in the language of Abram, Isaac, and Jacob. In Genesis 17:1, the Deity bestowed this name upon Himself, emphasizing power and perfection. The possessors of the heavens and the earth consistently called upon EL-Shaddai, signifying the Strength of the Powers.

The Book of Job frequently employs "Shaddai" as a term for God, emphasizing might and power. However, the book also aims to correct the misconception of Shaddai solely as a provider of good things, contrasting the true God with contemporary fertility gods.

In conclusion, the term Shaddai represents a powerful and mighty manifestation of the divine, associated with multiple beings that appeared to Abraham and Jacob. Their power is not absolute but derived from the ultimate divine source, the ETERNAL FIRST CAUSE. The ongoing use of EL-Shaddai in the language of the patriarchs underscores its significance as the Strength of the Powers in divine manifestation.